Desire for a sense of power and religious suicide in psychobiographical research: combining personality and sociocultural theories.

The article presents two theoretical perspectives that provide a helpful framework in psychobiographical research, especially when psychobiographies concern religious suicide. The first is typical in contemporary psychology, a subjective analysis focused on the individual, looking at life course/lifetime in the light of personality psychology. The second one is represented by anthropological research on the concept of honour-shame and the sociological works of E. Durkheim. Contemporary psychobiography should consider sociocultural context and refer to social sciences (anthropology, sociology). This applies in particular to the psychobiographies of people representing a world of values different from the Western world, i.e. non-WEIRD people. The problem is especially true of monotheistic religions that grew up in the world of honour-shame cultural code (Middle East, Mediterranean culture). The natural human need for psychological power is then woven into a specific set of beliefs and values that may, in extreme cases, favour the decision to commit suicide. Suicide acts seen in this perspective are no longer the act of sick or socially alienated people but often the act of fully healthy, conscious, educated and socially integrated people. Such a dramatic decision may become the only way to regain a sense of dignity, strength and control.

Quality of life of patients with pressure ulcers: a systematic review.

Introduction: Patients suffering from pressure ulcers experience low quality of life, in every dimension of daily living. Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of pressure ulcers on the patients' quality of life involving mental/emotional, spiritual, physical, social, cognitive dimensions, and pain. Methods: A systematic literature search of published articles in the English language during the past 15 years was conducted. Articles were identified in the electronic databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycINFO using the keywords: pressure ulcers, quality of life, emotional dimension, social dimension, physical dimension. The inclusion criteria were: articles relevant to the study topic, written in English, and published between 2004 and 2019. Articles that were secondary studies, such as reviews and meta-analyses, case studies, and articles written in a language other than English, were excluded from the study. The PRISMA method was applied. Results: Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review. Eight were quantitative studies (six cross-sectional, one longitudinal, one multicenter cohort, and one pilot study) and six qualitative (one was based on grounded theory, one pilot study, one case study of mixed methods, one phenomenological study, and one comparative study). The emerging themes were related to the mental/emotional, spiritual, physical, social, cognitive dimensions, and pain. Conclusions: Pressure ulcers have a negative impact on the patients' quality of life, especially at a psychological level. Patients' life is severely affected as they are fully dependent on their supportive environment and health services.

Brentano's psychology and Kazimierz Twardowski School: implications for the empirical study of psychological phenomena today.

The article presents the most important and almost forgotten theses of Franz Brentano's empirical psychology, which have significance for conceptualization and the method of psychological research. The psychology programme, introduced as early as 1874, remains on the fringes of mainstream empirical psychology, but it was the starting point for Kazimierz Twardowski and his students. The continuation and development of Brentano's thought in the twentieth century can significantly enrich and broaden psychology's theoretical and empirical perspective. This applies primarily to reductionism and the social dimension of mental phenomena.

The Social Dimension of the European Union: A Means to lock out Social Competition?

In the process of European integration, the social dimension has to date been subordinated to presumed economic requirements. There have been no specific commitments to preserve the European Social Model (ESM), which has been gradually diluted as a result of successive EU enlargements, the impact of ageing, job insecurity and socio-cultural changes on social protection systems and the pressure exerted by globalisation in a context of ever harsher market competition. Moreover, the decisions adopted by the EU in addressing the 2008 economic crisis have led Community institutions gradually to impose reforms of pension systems and labour markets, particularly in southern countries, which threaten to reduce the level of protection provided for citizens. This paper argues that the EU aquis is not sufficient to prevent social competition and warns of the risks arising from the current dynamic in terms of maintaining social cohesion, equal opportunities and fairness as basic features of European identity. Some data that illustrate the varying degrees of intensity and effort in social welfare provisions by Member States and the gradual divergence in social protection benefits are provided (using dispersion measurements). In an effort to be proactive, a number of proposals are given with a view to reversing this trend and consolidating the social content of the European project.

Barriers to institutional social sustainability.

Social sustainability is a work field characterised by an emphasis on social aspects, e.g. equity, ethics, health, gender balance, or empowerment, within a broader sustainability context. Although the concept seems to be reasonably well established and deemed worthy of pursuing, some obstacles prevent its wide dissemination. Through a bibliometric analysis focusing on the literature on social sustainability at institutions, with a focus on companies, this paper aims to investigate and describe some of the barriers associated with social sustainability implementation. Apart from identifying that sustainability reporting, environmental disclosure and financial performance play a central role in successfully achieving social sustainability, in the context of which gender-related issues seem more tangential, the results indicated some solutions commonly reported for overcoming barriers and obstacles to a company's social sustainability implementation within different sectors. These solutions have to do, among many other factors addressed in this study, with strengthening communication transparency and trust, contributing to awareness, using technology to document and promote social sustainability. Thus, empowering organizations and citizens, recognized as essential factors to social development, and addressing the challenges in a multi-dimensional way.

La empresa moderna capitalista transnacional: entre el desarrollo y las crisis civilizatorias (dimension social) / The transnational modern-capitalistic company: between development and civilizatory crisis (social field) / A moderna empresa capitalista transnacional: entre o desenvolvimento e as crises civilizacionais (dimensão social)

RESUMEN La humanidad y el planeta enfrentan graves crisis socio-naturales que ponen en riesgo la sustentabilidad de la vida. En esto, mucho tienen que ver el entramado modernidad / capitalismo / desarrollo en general y las empresas transnacionales en particular Debido a la relevancia del tema, es precisamente en esta dirección que se plantea el interrogante que orienta el presente trabajo, a saber: ¿Es la organización empresarial transnacional un detonante del desarrollo, o, por el contrario, es responsable por diversas crisis civilizatorias en general y de la dimensión social en los diferentes contextos socio-naturales? Al respecto, la tesis defendida es la siguiente: las corporaciones transnacionales, al constituirse como instituciones que encuadran en y heredan los fundamentos de la modernidad-capitalista-desarrollista, contribuyen a promover las crisis civilizatorias en general y de la dimensión social en particular Finalmente, se resalta que el estudio privilegiò un paradigma constructivista - interpretativo, consecuentemente, una metodologia cualitativa. Se usaron los procesos para la construcción de textos argumentativos, los métodos de investigación-análisis documental y entrevistas a expertos. El análisis de los datos fue orientado por la teoria fundamentada. CLASIFICACION JEL M14, Q01

ABSTRACT Mankind and the earth cope several severe socio-natural crises which threaten life sustainability. Within this reality, both the framework modernity / capitalism / development as a whole and transnational companies are implied. Due to the relevance of the subject, it is precisely in that direction the guiding inquiry of this work is proposed, namely: is the transnational business organization a triggering of development, or; conversely it is responsible for civilizatory crisis in general and social crisis in different social-natural contexts? In this regard, the argued thesis is the following: insofar as transnational corporations get constitute as institutions framed in and inheritor of the fundamentals of the capitalistic-developmentalist modernity they contribute to promote civilizatory crisis in general and social crisis in particular Finally it is spotlighted that the study privileged a constructivist / interpretative paradigm, consequently, a qualitative methodology was implemented. The processes for argumentative texts construction, documentary research-analysis methods and interviews to experts were used. Data analysis was addressed by grounded theory. JEL CLASSIFICATION M14, Q01

RESUMO A humanidade e a terra enfrentam várias crises sócio-naturais graves que ameaçam a sustentabilidade da vida. Dentro desta realidade, tanto a estrutura de modernidade/capitalismo/desenvolvimento como um todo, quanto as empresas transnacionais estão implicadas. Devido à relevância do tema, é justamente nesta direção que se propõe a investigação orientadora deste documento, a saber: a organização empresarial transnacional é um gatilho para o desenvolvimento ou, pelo contrário, é responsável pela crise civilizacional em geral e pela crise social em diferentes contextos sócio-naturais? Neste sentido, a tese defendida é a seguinte: na medida em que as empresas transnacionais são constituídas como instituições enquadradas dentro e herdando as bases da modernidade capitalista-desenvolvimentista, elas contribuem para promover a crise civilizacional em geral e a crise social em particular. Finalmente, deve-se notar que o estudo privilegiou um paradigma construtivista/interpretativo, conseqüentemente, uma metodologia qualitativa foi implementada. Foram utilizados processos de construção de textos argumentativos, métodos de pesquisa-análise documental e entrevistas com especialistas. A análise dos dados foi abordada usando uma teoria fundamentada. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL M14, Q01

Educational, Emotional, and Social Impact of the Emergency State of COVID-19 on Romanian University Students.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact at the social, economic, cultural, and political levels. Education is one of the areas that experienced a sudden change during the COVID-19 pandemic that affected both students and teachers worldwide. Thus, the aim of our research was to analyze the educational, emotional, and social impact of the period of the emergency state (16 March 2020-15 May 2020) imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic on Romanian university students. Materials and Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey among Romanian university students at the national level. Results: Our study showed that students accepted online education only as a form of compromise in relation to the epidemiological situation. However, they were affected by the diminished contact with the university and their colleagues and the lack of a regular routine. Emotionally, the participants experienced feelings of loneliness, panic, fear, aggressiveness, and intolerance due to the lack of cultural activities, the struggle with the usual routine, and the restriction of communication and movement. Socially, the relationships with friends and university colleagues were affected; many students returned home to their parents, who supported them during the lockdown. As a general finding, our study describes a social category that felt the full effects of isolation during the emergency state but still managed to cope with the situation by mobilizing a number of specific resources: family, intellectual and cultural concerns, and faith. Conclusions: The emergency state imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has been a special experience in the lives of Romanian students. Its dramatism was tempered well by an effective support mechanism provided by social ties, intellectual formation, and a certain religiosity. This has produced good resilience among students, but also in the communities they belong to.

Community experiences of landscape-based stormwater management practices: A review.

Urban stormwater management increasingly changes urban landscapes. From rain gardens to stormwater ponds, landscape-based practices are visible and often accessible to community members, whose support and experience of these practices will affect their success. This critical narrative review addresses these Landscape-based Stormwater Management Practices (L-SWMPs). It assesses quantitative and qualitative evidence for the effects of characteristics of individual community members, L-SWMP landscape context, and L-SWMPs themselves on community members' perceptions, attitudes, and societal outcomes. Characteristics of community members are most well-studied. Environmental knowledge and past experiences of community members have strong, consistent effects, while the effects of demographic characteristics are weaker and inconsistent. Landscape characteristics, especially greenspace context and neighborhood landscape norms, consistently influence perceptions of L-SWMPs as amenities. Effects of noticeable L-SWMP characteristics are understudied; we argue that paying greater attention to these characteristics may help practitioners innovate L-SWMPs that benefit communities and receive their support.

Afectación de la dimensión psicológica y social en personas con lesiones por presión / Affectation of the psychological and social dimension in people with pressure injuries

Objetivo: Conocer cómo afectan las lesiones por presión a la dimensión psicológica o social de las personas. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de la literatura científica existente en las principales bases de datos (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cuiden, Cochrane y LILACS). Resultados: Se han incluido en la revisión un total de 20 estudios, siendo 11 de ellos cuantitativos, 7 cualitativos y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las personas que tienen lesiones por presión tienen puntuaciones más bajas sobre la dimensión psicológica y social que aquellas que no tienen dichas lesiones, teniendo una peor percepción sobre ambas dimensiones. Conclusión: Las lesiones por presión repercuten de forma negativa en la dimensión psicológica y social de las personas, produciendo diferentes problemas como son depresión, ansiedad, baja autoestima, temor, ira, aislamiento o restricciones sociales, entre otros.(AU)

Objective: To know how pressure injuries affect the psychological or social dimension of people. Methods: Systematic review of the existing scientific literature in the main databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cuiden, Cochrane and LILACS). Results: A total of 20 studies have been included in the review, 11 of them are quantitative, 7 are qualitative and 2 are systematic reviews. The results obtained show that people who have pressure injuries have lower scores on the psychological and social dimension than those who do not have such injuries, having a worse perception on both dimensions. Conclusions: Pressure injuries have a negative impact on the psychological and social dimension of people, producing different problems such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, fear, anger, isolation or social restrictions, among others.(AU)

Envejecer en el complejo entorno venezolano / Growing old in the complex Venezuelan environment

El envejecimiento transforma sustancial y progresivamente la situación de la salud individual, también influye sobre la estructura y la dinámica de la familia y la sociedad. Los niños, mujeres embarazadas y adultos mayores representan los grupos más vulnerables de la población, y ante situaciones de crisis humanitaria su rezago frente a las oportunidades ambientales se profundiza. Aun siendo el foco de atención, los abuelos siempre son los más postergados. Objetivo. Revisar el complejo entorno venezolano, las dimensiones que lo configuran, su impacto en el curso de vida y cómo afecta las condiciones de vida del adulto mayor. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron los indicadores demográficos; socioeconómicos, como niveles de ingreso, pobreza e hiperinflación, calidad de los servicios públicos; de salud y de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, inactividad laboral y protección social y cómo afectan las condiciones de vida del adulto mayor. Resultados. Se observaron dimensiones que muestran el impacto negativo en la calidad de vida del adulto mayor, que ahora también debe sortear a la COVID 19, además de enfrentar la orfandad de la acelerada migración de su descendencia, que ha causado la pérdida del bono demográfico y una disminución en la esperanza de vida. Conclusiones. La sistematización del conocimiento de las condiciones de vida de este importante grupo de la población es indispensable para orientar el diseño de políticas públicas dirigidas a su protección que incluya pensiones dignas, atención en salud y cuidados, para que esta población pueda contar con autonomía, independencia y participación en el desarrollo de la nación(AU)

Aging substantially and progressively transforms the individual health situation, it also influences the structure and dynamics of the family and society. Children, pregnant women and older adults represent the most vulnerable groups of the population, and in situations of humanitarian crisis their lag behind environmental opportunities deepens. Even though they are the focus of attention, grandparents are always the most neglected. Objective. Review the complex Venezuelan environment, the dimensions that make it up, its impact on the course of life and how it affects the living conditions of the elderly. Materials and methods. Demographic indicators was analyzed; socioeconomic, such as income levels, poverty and hyperinflation, quality of public services; health and food and nutritional security, labor inactivity and social protection and how they affect the living conditions of the elderly. Results. Dimensions was observed that show the negative impact on the quality of life of the elderly, who must now also overcome COVID 19, in addition to facing the orphanhood of the accelerated migration of their offspring, which has caused the loss of the demographic bonus and a decrease in life expectancy. Conclusions. The systematization of knowledge of the living conditions of this important group of the population is essential to guide the design of public policies aimed at their protection that includes decent pensions, health care and care, so that this population can count on autonomy, independence, and participation in the development of the nation(AU)

Dispensación de medicamentos en las grandes farmacias de Chile: análisis ético sobre la profesión del químico farmacéutico / Medicines dispensing in big pharmacies in Chile: ethical analysis about pharmaceutical chemist profession / Dispensação de medicamentos em grandes farmácias no Chile: análise ética acerca da profissão farmacêutica química

Resumen: Sobre la base de una investigación de carácter cualitativo, se describe el contexto de la dispensación de medicamentos en las grandes cadenas de farmacias de Chile, teniendo como protagonista a los profesionales químicos farmacéuticos quienes ocupan la función de directores técnicos de estas entidades. Se considera que el consumo y la economía están incrustados en todos los mecanismos de la vida, incluyendo la salud. Los medicamentos, en este sentido, son un claro ejemplo de un objeto de consumo utilizado cotidianamente por la población chilena, cuestión que hace necesaria una vigilancia política, social y ética al respecto. Se analizan las dimensiones sociales de los saberes técnicos de los químicos farmacéuticos, en base a los intereses de las farmacias en las que están contratados, de un éxito profesional medido en términos individuales y de la consecución de metas pecuniarias por sobre sanitarias, cuestión que incentiva una cultura que promueve el consumo de medicamentos, más que lo restringe. Estos profesionales son parte de un proyecto socioeconómico y sociopolítico particular capaz, incluso, de modificar las bases cognitivas de una profesión.

Abstract: Based on qualitative research, is described the context of dispensing drugs in "big pharmacy chains" in Chile, starring pharmaceutical chemists who have the role of technical directors of these entities. It is considered that the consumption and the economy are embedded in all the mechanisms of life, including health. Drugs in this sense, are a clear example of an everyday consumer object used by the chilean population, an issue which calls for a surveillance political, social and ethical about it. The social dimensions of the technical knowledge of pharmaceutical chemists are analyzed, based on the interests of pharmacies in which they are employed, a professional success measured in individual terms and achieving financial goals on health, an issue that encourages a culture that promotes the consumption of drugs, rather than restricting it. These professionals are part of a particular socio-economic and socio-political project capable even to modify the cognitive foundations of a profession.

Resumo: Com base em uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, descreve-se o contexto da dispensação de medicamentos em grandes cadeias de farmácias no Chile, tendo como protagonista os profissionais farmacêuticos químicos que ocupam a função de diretores técnicos dessas entidades. São considerados o consumo e a economia como incorporados em todos os mecanismos da vida, incluindo a saúde. Os medicamentos, nesse sentido, são um claro exemplo de um objeto de consumo cotidiano pela população chilena, questão esta, que exige a necessidade de um acompanhamento político, social e ético a este respeito. Analisou-se as dimensões sociais do conhecimento técnico dos farmacêuticos químicos, com base nos interesses das farmácias onde eles estão contratados, de um êxito profissional, medido em termos individuais e do cumprimento de metas monetárias, sobre as de saúde, uma questão que incentiva uma cultura que promove o consumo de medicamentos, mais que os restringir. Estes profissionais fazem parte de um projeto socioeconômico e sociopolítico particular capaz, até mesmo, de alterar as bases cognitivas de uma profissão.

Equidade em saúde como marco ético da bioética / Health equity as an ethical landmark in bioethics

Este texto tem como objetivo contribuir com a aplicação da equidade, enquanto marco ético, na reflexão bioética em temáticas de saúde pública. Foram seguidos os seguintes passos metodológicos: descrição da origem conceitual da equidade; sua aplicação na esfera da saúde pública e, por último, análise da equidade como marco ético inserido na dimensão social da bioética. A raiz conceitual de equidade fundamenta-se no pensamento aristotélico, o qual distingue equidade de justiça no momento em que esta se divide em justo legal e justo natural, compreendidos na noção de justiça política. Na esfera da saúde pública, a noção de equidade parte do pressuposto de que os indivíduos são diferentes e, portanto, merecem tratamento diferenciado, consentâneo com as suas vulnerabilidades. A bioética latino-americana tem como orientação a redução das iniquidades ou disparidades sociais, sendo um de seus frutos a inclusão da equidade entre um dos objetivos da Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos (DUBDH): "Promover o acesso equitativo aos desenvolvimentos médicos, científicos e tecnológicos". Assim, a equidade ganha força como marco ético no processo decisório da alocação de recursos públicos, associada à noção de justiça social.

The aim of this paper is to contribute for the application of equity as an ethical landmark in bioethics reflection on public health issues. Methodology was done as follow: description of the conceptual origin of equity, its application in public health, and equity analysis as ethical landmark inserted into social dimension of bioethics. The conceptual foundation of equity is based on Aristotelian thought, which distinguishes justice equity at the time it is divided into legal rights and natural rights, including concepts of politics justice. In public health, the notion of equity assumes that individuals are different, therefore, they deserve different treatment according to their vulnerabilities. Latin American bioethics has as principle the reduction of inequities and social disparities, as described in Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights "To promote equitable access to medical, scientific and technological developments". Thus, equity is strengthened as ethical landmark in decision taking and allocation of public funds associated with social justice.

Reflexiones del desempeño profesional del fisioterapeutaen el campo de la actividad física / Reflections about physiotherapist professional performance in the field of physical activity / Reflexões do desempenho profissional do fisioterapeuta na área da actividade física

En sus inicios, el accionar profesional del fisioterapeuta se centró en el ámbito clínico, pero hoy en día cuenta con muchos más campos de acción, entre ellos el de la actividad física, la cual puede ser vista desde dos dimensiones: una biológica, entendida como toda actividad que demanda un gasto energético involucrando la acción conjunta de múltiples sistemas para garantizar la ejecución de dicha actividad, y otra social, como una actividad humana que imprime unas condiciones de subjetividad mediada por los contextos en donde el individuo y comunidad la desarrollan. Teniendo en cuenta estas dimensiones y los referentes nacionales e internacionales, el objetivo de este documento es presentar una serie de reflexiones de los autores sobre el desempeño profesional del fisioterapeuta en el campo de la actividad física y las enormes posibilidades que de allí se derivan para el ejercicio profesional en dicho campo.

The physiotherapist professional activities, in the beginning were focused only in the clinical field, nowadays it has many different action fields including Physical Activity. Physical activity can be viewed from two dimensions: one biological, which is defined as any activity which requires energy expenditure involving the combined action of multiple systems; on the other side social, understood as a human activity concerning subjectivity conditions influenced by the environment where the individual and the community are developed. Given these dimensions as well as national and international benchmarks this paper's objective is to present a series of reflections that the authors have done regarding the physiotherapist professional performance in the field of physical activity and the large possibilities derived from their practice in this field.

As ações profissionais do fisioterapeuta, desde a iniciação, foram focalizadas na área clínica só; hoje em dia as áreas profissionais têm se desenvolvido muito mais e entre elas está a atividade física. A atividade física pode ser conceituada desde duas dimensões, uma biológica onde é entendida como toda atividade que precisa de um gasto de energia envolvendo a ação conjunta de múltiplos sistemas para garantir a execução das atividades, e uma social, entendida como aquela atividade humana que taz umas condições de subjetividade mediada pelos contextos onde a pessoa e a comunidade se desenvolvem. Levando em consideração estas dimensões e referentes nacionais e internacionais se pretende apresentar uma série de reflexões que os autores têm realizado frente ao desempenho profissional do fisioterapeuta na área da atividade física, e as possibilidades que são derivadas para o exercício profissional desta área.